A garden hay stick is a good tool for protecting crops. Suppresses many pathogenic microorganisms in the soil by inhibiting and generating natural antibiotic substances.
It is not pathogenic or toxic because it is present in the air, plants, compost. In the soil, this bacterium is one of the main components among other microorganisms.
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Basic information about bacteria
Soil bacteria under a microscope
Hay bacterium is a Gram-positive aerobic soil bacteria. It is considered one of the most studied bacteria. It is part of the biocenosis of humans and animals.
It was first described by Erinberg, a German mycologist, naturalist, zoologist and botanist in 1835. At that time, it was extracted from a decoction of overripe hay. From here it got its main name.
Since then, the bacterium has repeatedly been subjected to careful study. In the course of laboratory studies, its biological, economic and medical useful properties were confirmed.
Appearance of bacteria
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis is the Latin name for hay bacillus. The bacterium is rod-shaped, round, without color. It has many flagella, thanks to which it is able to move quite quickly.
It is noteworthy that they are located throughout the surface of the body. Therefore, the bacterium is referred to as peritrichous.
Bacteria are relatively large length 3-7 microns, thickness 0.4-0.6 microns, this allows you to view it through a conventional microscope. This microorganism is considered one of the largest bacteria.
Vitality sticks
hay stick
The hay stick is a saprophyte. This means that it feeds on dead organic elements, feeding on living tissues is excluded.
The bacterium belongs to heterotrophs, therefore it cannot produce organic compounds on its own, it needs ready-made ones. Thus, the main food for her is starch and glycogen. At the same time, it itself often serves as food for a number of simple organisms, for example, for ciliates-shoes.
Favorable conditions for full development and reproduction are a certain temperature regime - 5-45 ° C. At this temperature, the rod develops rapidly. Reproduction occurs by longitudinal division, after which the daughter bacteria remain connected by thin filaments to the mother. It is because of this feature that the clusters of bacteria look like thin threads.
Being in nature
What does a hay stick look like on the grass
In its natural habitat, the stick lives, develops and multiplies where there is access to oxygen. Therefore, it is classified as an aerobe.However, some strains have been found that may be facultative anaerobes. They thrive well in an oxygen-free environment.
Hay stick refers to microorganisms that live in the soil, or rather in its upper layers. But from it it gets on the stems, leaf plates of plants, as well as on the fruits. A certain amount of bacteria lives in the air. In addition, the stick is an integral part of the normal microflora of humans and animals.
Study of bacteria
bacterium hay bacillus
Hay stick refers to microbiological models. This means that it is well suited for study, along with the shoe ciliate and other organisms. The bacterium is well suited for intensive study. It was thanks to her that the spore formation of bacteria was thoroughly studied.
An experiment was conducted to grow bacteria in weightlessness. This experience was necessary to identify changes in the genome in a population. Hay stick is actively used to determine the influence of cosmic ultraviolet radiation and the adaptation of organisms to it. The possibility of survival of microorganisms in space and on other planets is being studied.
Basic properties of bacteria
Hay stick production technology
Hay stick has a number of distinctive properties: physiological, morphological, cultural, biological and some other equally important ones.
The main properties include:
- Morphological. The rod genome is represented by circular double-stranded DNA. Bacterial strains combine different genes that code for the synthesis of antibiotics, are responsible for the formation of spores and their germination. The bacterium is completely colorless and motile.
- Physiological. The bacterium is very common in nature. In addition to soil, it is found in water, air and even dust. Getting from the soil to plants, it moves into the body of animals. Hay bacillus, inhabiting the microflora of a healthy human and animal intestine, prevents the reproduction of dangerous microbes - salmonella, proteus, staphylococcus, streptococcus, helicobacter
- Biochemical. The bacillus is able to break down some sugars, accumulates acetoin, decomposes polysaccharides and proteins into smaller components, liquefies gelatin, forms hydrogen sulfide, ammonia
- Tinctorial. Microorganisms are affected by dyes. Gram stained blue. Strains under a microscope are visible as filamentous formations. In a smear, they are located singly or in clusters, often form a chain
- sporulation. The ability of the rod to sporulate helps it survive in difficult conditions. Endospores resist critical temperatures and arid environments. The formation of spores is a very complex process, resulting in the formation of granularity. The largest grain grows and develops, being covered with a dense shell. This is the future controversy. With the adverse effects of the environment, the shell breaks and the spore comes out. The bacterial cell itself dies. After that, the new cell is also capable of spore formation, has a rounded shape, and is resistant to external conditions. But it is motionless, the ability to move appears in the next generation
It's important to understand that hay bacillus is not a pathogenic microorganism.
The biological role of the microorganism
Probiotics are important for human health
Hay stick performs a number of important functions in the human and animal body:
- immunomodulating - improves immunity, resistance to diseases
- antimicrobial - the stick suppresses the vital activity of many pathogens of pathogenic microorganisms
- digestive - produces food enzymes in the intestines, getting into it along with plant foods
- protective – protection of plants from mold fungi
- antagonistic – prevention and suppression of intestinal infections
In addition, hay stick affects metabolism, saturates with sugars and amino acids, participates in the synthesis of B vitamins, which makes the bacterium important for medicine.
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Fitosporin - use in the garden and for indoor plants
Hay stick helps protect crops from many bacterial and fungal diseases, as well as rot. In simple terms, the stick is an antibiotic of natural origin.
The bacterium synthesizes a number of useful enzymes, due to which the products of putrefactive decomposition are quickly destroyed. In addition, the formation of vitamins and amino acids. The benefits for plants from hay sticks are obvious.
The results of the impact of bacteria on crops
Promoting better plant growth
On the basis of hay sticks, many medicinal solutions are made that have a positive effect on the growth, development and fruiting of plants.
Such biofungicides help to solve the following problems with crops:
- prevention and treatment of the initial stages of diseases of garden and indoor plants
- preventive improvement of the soil, by restoring its microflora and reducing harmful substances after the use of chemicals
- stimulation of plant development due to ascorbic acid
In addition, preparations based on hay sticks significantly lower the level of nitrates in fruits.
List of diseases
powdery mildew
Preparations made on the basis of hay sticks, effective against bacterial and white spotting, powdery mildew, phomosis, late blight, alternariosis, leaf rust, scab, snow mold and various forms of rot.
Preparations are recommended to be used in the following ways:
- soaking tubers, seeds and processing of the root parts of the plant
- tillage before planting a plant in open ground
- processing of sheet plates for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes
- disinfection of soil and compost
- irrigation of greenhouses, greenhouses, cellars and fruits before storage in the autumn
- watering the soil under a shrub or tree during the growing season
Spraying plants with a hay stick should be carried out taking into account the notes in the instructions.
Preparations based on hay sticks
Biofungicide Fitosporin-M
Antagonist bacteria are active in fungicides, which significantly reduce the number of pathogens in relation to vegetables and cereals, fruit trees and shrubs, as well as grapes.
Hay bacillus has many strains, each with unique properties. Preparations are available in the form of powder, gels, tablets, suspensions.
The most famous biological products:
- Baktofit – produced in the form of powder and suspension, strain IPM215
- Fitosporin M – suspensions, paste, powder, used strain 26 D with acids
- Gamair - powder, tablets, strain M22 VIZR, active on tomatoes, cucumbers, white cabbage
Hay stick in the composition of Fitosporin helps against many diseases of crops. The main advantage of using the drug is that it can be sprayed at different periods of plant development - during the growing season, flowering and fruiting. In addition, the tool refers to growth stimulants.
The Shining preparations known to many gardeners may contain one or more types of strains. Each of the tools has its own characteristics and is produced using different techniques. It is noticed that the yield, when using the product, is good even on infertile soil.
Benefits of hay bacillus fungicides
Biologicals
Among the main advantages of drugs noted:
- stimulation of growth and development of plants during the growing period
- high fungicidal properties, especially in the early stages of the development of the disease
- the ability to process plants at different periods of development, including during flowering
- increase in yield by an average of 20-30%
- disinfection of seeds and bulbs
- no waiting period for the safe use of fruits - they can be consumed immediately after processing
Thus, the hay stick is absolutely harmless to crops, as well as to the organism of animals and humans. However, it is important to note the possible disadvantages of products with a bacterium in the composition.
All of them have a short action and quickly lose their properties in the air. That is why it is recommended to use funds several times a season.
Getting hay sticks at home
How can a hay stick be grown
You can grow a hay stick yourself. The mechanism is simple and clear, so even a beginner in gardening can handle it.
To make a hay stick at home, you need rotten hay without mold. To get it, you need to put hay from any grass in favorable conditions, for example, in the shade and moisten it daily with water. After a few weeks, remove the mold from the raw materials, and grind the rest.
Next, prepare the mother culture by adding 1 teaspoon of chalk and 100 g of hay to 1000 ml of water. The mixture should be boiled (this will not kill the stick itself). Then leave the decoction for 3-4 days, until a film appears.
After that, you can prepare the extract itself: 1 kg of hay pour 5 liters of water, add 5 tablespoons of lime and mother culture. Stir, cover, leave in a warm place. A film on the surface of the liquid mass will indicate the readiness of the infusion.
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Growing a colony in the laboratory
Cultivation of a culture of hay bacterium bacteria
In the laboratory, the rod is grown in Petri dishes. They are grown on nutrient media - meat-peptone broth, agar, as well as on media with the remains of plant organisms.
Colonies of bacilli resemble a wrinkled layer of dense film on the surface of cups with jagged edges of a pink or cream color of a dry structure.
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Probiotics for Gut Health
Hay stick is part of the human microflora, therefore, it affects many processes in the body, in particular - eliminates pathogenic microflora, preventing the development of dysbacteriosis. On the wound surfaces of the skin, bacteria produce enzymes and other substances that destroy dead tissue.
The stick negatively affects the microbial environment, acidifying tissues and preventing further development of infection. Under its influence, the wound is cleared of decay products faster, and healing occurs faster.
Being part of the natural intestinal microflora, it is involved in the synthesis of B vitamins. A number of amino acids, which are formed during the breakdown of proteins under the influence of proteolytic enzymes, are essential for humans and farm animals.
It is important to understand that the bacterium is conditionally pathogenic. This means that it can cause allergic reactions, food poisoning, and infect mucous membranes. Therefore, it is considered from the point of view of how it can help a person and how it can harm.
Among other things, it is actively involved in the rejuvenation of the body. This is due to the fact that in the process of life, the stick releases nitric oxide, which penetrates into tissues and has a positive effect on metabolic processes.
However, for the human intestinal microflora, this bacterium is alien and cannot replace the lactic acid bacteria that inhabit the digestive tract. When ingested, it is naturally excreted after a month.
At the moment, the stick has a set of necessary qualities, which allows it to be used in agriculture, production of medicines, in the fight against human waste.
Application in medicine
Biological products for plant protection
Bacillus subtilis is part of many drugs used against diarrhea, with dysbacteriosis of the intestines and organs of the genital area. (Biosporin, Sporobacterin). In addition, the stick is the main component in immunomodulators and some dietary supplements.
Biosporin is a probiotic drug that can normalize the intestinal microflora. It is often prescribed for antibiotic intolerance and as a prophylaxis for purulent-septic complications after surgical interventions. At the same time, the bacteria of the hay bacillus included in the preparation do not affect the representatives of the normal microflora.
Other applications
Means containing amylase and protease
On an industrial scale, the production of amylase and protease, which are coli enzymes, has been established. They are part of some detergents, are used in preparations for dressing and the process of cleaning skins. Individual strains are used to make Japanese soybean natto.
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Conclusion
Hay bacterium in food
The hay stick is indispensable as an agricultural and protective tool. It is a valuable microorganism in terms of study and various experiments necessary for humans, due to its properties and rather large size.
The bacterium does not belong to pathogenic, toxic organisms and does not cause serious pathologies. The antibiotic that it synthesizes helps protect agricultural plants from pathogenic microflora.
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Hay stick: use for the garden and vegetable garden, how to grow. Significance for a person | (Photo & Video) +Reviews
Thanks to the author. An extremely helpful post.