A well-made foundation of a building is the key to its long-term operation. And the key to a good foundation of the structure is the formwork. For a country house or cottage, you can make a formwork for the foundation with your own hands.
Content:
Read also: Water pump for a private house or cottage: types, principle of operation and selection criteria (Photo & Video) + Reviews
Formwork types
Tape foundation
Shuttering systems (forms for pouring) can be divided according to the method of manufacture and the method of installation. The system can be assembled (manufactured) directly at the construction site, or you can purchase ready-made components. In any case, the form must be installed on site before concrete is poured.
Shield
Panel formwork
The most common type of system. Planes of the required size are assembled from boards at the construction site. Then, in accordance with the markup, the form is mounted, unfastened with additional devices. As reinforcing elements are: spacers, ties, wedges and stakes
Stakes are installed on the outside of the mold, to which wedges in the form of triangles are attached, holding the structure in a vertical position.
To maintain the geometric dimensions of the foundation, ties (studs) are used, which are removed after the foundation is installed, as well as spacers installed between the shields. The spacers remain inside the poured concrete foundation.
This type of system is used when arranging tape, pile (grillage) foundations.
Removable
Removable formwork
Removable or, as it is also called, collapsible form is mounted from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood, at least 22 mm thick. Such designs are designed for reusable use. As a rule, they are used in the construction of building floors. Plywood sheets have a standard size of 1.25 * 2.5 m.
The kits are sold together with support, adjustable posts that support the sheets from below or act as spacers when constructing a strip foundation. Also included are locks and corner pieces.
Such sheets are suitable for arranging the bases of a high basement.
Fixed
Fixed formwork
Also, basically, a purchased type of system. Structural elements are made of lightweight polystyrene foam. Blocks are easily assembled at the construction site. The kit also includes corners. This type of formwork allows you to design the shape of the base of complex dimensions, up to rounded ones.
The advantage of this type of system is the ease of installation with strict observance of geometric dimensions. In addition, the construct remains in the ground and additionally performs the role of a heater. The concrete on both sides is surrounded by polystyrene foam, which also acts as a waterproofing for the base of the structure.
Read also: Gas cylinder in the country - for a stove, heater and other needs: terms of use (Photo & Video) + Reviews The use of formwork for different types of foundations
Foundation formwork
The device of any monolithic foundation requires the use of a form. The exception is precast concrete foundations.
When using formwork when constructing a foundation, a number of conditions must be met:
Tape
Tape base
This type of foundation is common among builders. Any type of system can be used for its device: panel, removable or non-removable. It all depends on the complexity of the design and configuration of the base of the building.
For the installation of the structure with their own hands choose a shield system. It is easily assembled from edged boards using bars. In addition, this option does not require large expenditures.
Subsequently, the structure can be dismantled and the board can be used in other places in the construction of the house.
Also suitable, but more expensive option - fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene. A strip foundation with such a design turns out to be even, but at the same time insulated and waterproofed.
Kits of this form are supplied with spacers and connectors. The assembly process is similar to the LEGO constructor.
A collapsible system can also be used, but it is not advisable to purchase it for the construction of a private household. You can use the rental option, which is also expensive.
slab
slab base
The slab base visually represents a platform of concrete. Deepens to a depth of 0.5 m or more than 1.8 m. For the device of such a base, a non-removable form is used. Here, sheets of expanded polystyrene 50 or 100 mm act as a plane, which will then serve as a heater and a waterproofing structure.
Options with a shield or removable system are inefficient, since the disassembly process is quite laborious. And in the case of a collapsible (removable) structure, it will be necessary to significantly increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe pit under the slab, so that there is room for installation and subsequent disassembly of the entire form.
pile
pile foundation
Pile, also known as grillage, includes elements of a strip foundation. In this embodiment, the use of wooden formwork is justified.
Given the fact that the pile structure can be buried, at ground level, above ground level, the use of a form of boards is indispensable. Only, with a recessed version, polystyrene fixed formwork can be used, but in private construction such cases are practically not used.
After the piles are installed on the ground, a wooden formwork is arranged between them, and between the piles a reinforced tape is poured, which can serve as a grillage.
When placing the foundation above the ground, a wooden structure is also exposed between the mounted piles and concrete is poured.
Such forms are easily made and assembled by hand., since the pile construct has found its wide application in private construction.
Read also: What should be the wiring in a private house, do-it-yourself installation, instructions for beginners
Making formwork (step by step instructions)
Formwork manufacturing
The foundation device includes the manufacture of formwork. It is quite possible to manufacture and then install it on the construction site on your own, following simple rules.
Shield
The wooden system for foundations of any type remains the most affordable, both in price and for self-assembly.
Before making a mold, you must:
foundation pit
foundation pit. Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare a foundation pit for the future foundation. You need to dig trenches 5-10 cm wider, so that after installing and unfastening the planes from the boards, you can fill the space with earth, thereby strengthening the structure.
When installing the formwork on the surface, it is required to mark it with a special wire (cast off string). Any cord will be unreliable, as it can break during the work.
Foundation layout
Payment. After marking, the calculation of the amount of material is performed.
To determine the number of boards, the perimeter is calculated foundation, the index is multiplied by 2. Then, based on the height of the structure and the width of the board, we determine the number of boards vertically. Multiplying this figure by the previously calculated twice the perimeter, the amount of lumber in linear meters is obtained. Dividing by 3-4 m (the usual length of the board) we calculate the number of boards in pieces (it is easier to order them this way).
The number of bars is taken from the calculation of the height of the structure, taking into account the fact that that the bars are placed after 40-50 cm along the entire length.
Spacers are installed opposite the vertical bars through one, and metal studs will be placed between the spacers.
Given all the calculations, as well as the installation locations of the elements, you can determine the amount of material.
It is necessary to order material with an error of + 5%. This margin will help eliminate errors in the calculations.
Shield making
Shield making. Based on the height of the structure, products from boards and beams are knocked down, which are arranged along the length of 40-50 cm. The length of the planes depends on the size of the board (it can be 3 or 4 meters).
Formwork installation
Formwork installation. The first step is to hammer the stakes from the bars at the corners of the foundation. Intermediate bars are hammered between these stakes with an interval of 60 - 80 cm. A guide board is laid along the bars, on which the prepared shields are installed. The planes are attached to the installed stakes with self-tapping screws.
To fix the geometric dimensions, spacers are attached inside the structure. To protect the formwork from “bursting” with concrete, studs are installed.
Preparation for pouring
Filling preparation. After installing the planes, check the entire structure for the absence of cracks. To ensure the tightness of the structure, the inner surface is lined with a film to prevent concrete leakage.
At the end of the installation, the reinforcement of the future base is carried out: prepared reinforcement cages and embedded parts are installed, if required by the design.
Read also: Projects of country houses for 6-10 acres: 120 photos, description and requirements | The most interesting ideas Formwork installation features
Formwork installation scheme
General features of the installation are the obligatory observance of geometric dimensions. As well as setting all the corners of the structure in one level. And each type of formwork system has its own characteristics.
Shield
Panel formwork
When installing panel formwork from boards, you need to pay attention to the height of the planes. The width of the boards may vary, as a result, structures of different heights are obtained.
This can affect the overall installation level of the system. It is necessary to try to choose the shields so that on the outer contour or on the inner there are structures of the same size.
When installing such a system, it is necessary to control the thickness of the future base, that is, the distance between the outer and inner sides. Boards can be curved, which means that the distance will be different in different places.
Such situations are corrected by metal studs that tighten the planes, or by using spacers that increase the distance between the shields.
Removable
Installation of removable formwork
Installation of removable formwork starts from any angle, which fixes two directions. For fastening, special locks are used. The form is set on a pre-prepared surface. In places of irregularities, they are backfilling with soil.
The stability of all elements is achieved due to the mutual fastening of the mold sheets to each other, what creates the rigidity of the system.
In the horizontal plane, the correct installation is controlled by the level.
Removing the formwork from the foundation (step by step instructions)
Formwork removal
The dismantling of the entire structure is carried out after the concrete has gained 70% strength. This is about 21 days later.
All studs installed during installation are removed. The nuts are twisted and the studs are pulled out. They can be reused later.
All struts, supports from the outside of the foundation are removed. Clogged stakes are pulled out.
Self-tapping screws are unscrewed, which fastened the internal struts of the formwork.
The shields of the structure are removed. After the concrete has gained strength, the tree easily moves away from it.
The same steps are taken when dismantling the inside of the formwork.
After dismantling the entire system, the planes can be divided into boards, to be used in construction.
Do-it-yourself formwork device
Do-it-yourself formwork is a simple but responsible job that requires attention to all operations. An important point is the preparatory operations and the acquisition of material. The choice of formwork system depends on the design of the foundation and the financial capabilities of the developer.
For more guidance and clarification, please watch the video below:
FORMWORK OWN HANDS
Formwork for the foundation: views (from boards for tape, non-removable), device, step-by-step do-it-yourself manufacturing (Photo & Video)
