What is the fundamental difference between zero and earth? Connection diagrams and their application | (Photo and video)

They don’t joke with electricity, but you shouldn’t be afraid of it either. If you correctly understand the structure of electrical networks, at least at the initial level, then nothing terrible will happen.

The layman, in order to use electricity without fear, needs to know a few things that are easy to understand, which include the concepts: phase, zero and ground.

Many people know what a phase is, but few know what zero and earth are, what is the fundamental difference between these concepts.

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Two connection schemes

The same break of zero, but the consequences are so different

To understand the role of “Zero” and “Earth”, you need to get a little insight into the essence of the methods of delivering electricity to end consumers and the differences between them.

It should be mentioned that electrical systems are linear and phase. Linear ones are used in the industrial field of activity, where increased power is required (380V), phase ones exist for their use in everyday life (220V). In both cases, the connection schemes use three wires. Only for linear (380) there is a phase in each of the three wires, and for the household version (220V) there is Phase, Zero and Land.

For security, each system uses its own connection schemes. We will not consider industrial networks, but household networks should be studied, two schemes are used here:

Used connection schemes: 1. To zero, 2. To ground

To make it more clear, let's decipher the abbreviation:

These two schemes are in use, but one more existing TN-C scheme should be pointed out - this is an old, but still operating system, used in most houses of the “old” fund, which is characterized by the abbreviation PEN.

In her Zero and Land aligned (PEN) throughout. Such networks are not entirely safe, especially for electrical appliances. They were mounted in Soviet times, few household appliances were used, and therefore the designers did not see the point in spending extra on electrical wiring for a couple of dozen TVs (the loads were small), - 30% savings! At industrial enterprises, grounding was done separately.

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The purpose of "Zero" and "Earth"

Colors and marking of wires and cables

For the successful operation of any electrical appliances, a closed electrical circuit is required. Closing the network - the main role of "Zero". The potential difference goes through it.

Grounding is used as protective measures that eliminate the risk of electric shock to people and animals, as well as to eliminate, mitigate power surges that can damage household electrical appliances.

Ground almost all electrical appliances, this is done by connecting Earth to their cases in case of a breakdown of the electrical wiring, in which they will be under tension.

TT scheme

Correct circuit The consumer is connected, the wiring is in good order (there are no breakdowns), the case is grounded to a separate line

The figure above shows the connection with a full earth connection. Those. Land allocated to a separate, autonomous network. This connection is the most secure.

In the event of a breakdown, an electric potential arises on the device case, which will be equal to the input voltage, i.e. 220 V is life-threatening. However, the case is grounded, and the voltage that has fallen on it will go to the ground.

Grounding on a dedicated line worked - there is no voltage on the case

Scheme TN-C-S

The TN-C-S circuit uses a line for grounding Zeroas shown in the figure below. In this case, there is no voltage on the consumer case.

The circuit is working, there is no breakdown on the consumer's case

When a load appears on the body, it is discharged into a line used as a neutral. The method is effective, and although it is outdated, it is still used.

There will be no electric shock

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Conclusion

Automatic protective

No matter how safe the connection scheme is, it is necessary to use automatic machines and ISO. They allow you to de-energize the network even with a short-term power surge, which can be very dangerous not only for your electronics and other household appliances, but also for the life of you and your pets.

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What is the fundamental difference between zero and earth? Connection diagrams and their application | (Photo and video)

VIDEO: Zeroing and grounding. What is the difference between them?

Zeroing and grounding, which is better, can I use

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