daisies
There are plenty of low-growing flowers for the garden and flower beds now, breeders have learned to breed border varieties of almost any plant. Despite this, most lovers of low stems for multilayer flower beds to this day, they prefer to see daisies in the foreground, the cultivation of which does not require much effort. Flowers delight the eye with many bright colors, the spectrum includes various shades of red and pink, white and carmine varieties are especially appreciated.
Content:
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general description
Daisies have a beautiful view, not only in bloom, their unusual lobed leaves delight the eye with lush greenery from early spring to the very frost.
Daisies belong to the Astrov family, officially there are more than 80 species of this biennial., which are rooted in the countries of Europe, America, Australia. They were the first to make their way from the fields to the gardens; by the beginning of the 16th century, there were several terry varieties in the selection.
They were cultivated in the palace parks of England, France, Italy. Flowers quickly spread to city parks, and not only white, but also red daisies were known.
Daisies in decorative pots
From Latin, the daisy is translated literally as "pearl", this is the appearance of these flowers on lawns when they grow among low grass. well-groomed flowerbed with daisies it will look a little different,
The leaves will show off with juicy greenery, the flowers will please the eye several times during the season. Usually the first flowering passes in early spring, daisies take over from tulips and daffodils, the second time Asteraceae of this species will bloom closer to autumn, when the heat subsides and there will be enough moisture to restore the trunk's vitality.
It is difficult to confuse a daisy with another flower, it has a number of features:
- Small height, daisies rarely reach 30 cm.
- The leaves sit tightly next to each other, have a blade-like shape.
- The inflorescence is basket-shaped.
- Flowers do not rise much on a rosette of leaves, no more than 3-5 cm.
- The middle of the flower always has a yellow color, it is framed by outer petals that have a reed or tubular shape.
Each bush at a time can please 30 peduncles with fully developed flowers.
The stem is classified as Compositae, distinguished by the following subspecies:
- simple
- semi-double
- terry
They will also vary in flowering time, there are early and late varieties, the dates differ by 2-3 weeks. The size of the flower also divided the daisies into small, medium and large-flowered varieties.
Daisies with large baskets bloom much later than all their relatives, but the period is much longer.
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Description of varieties
For ornamental cultivation, out of 80 known ones, only 20 are used, which are conventionally divided into seven groups. Each group may include both early and late species, the size of the flower in one group may be different.
The colors of daisies are mainly divided into the following:
- white
- pink
- red
- salmon
White and red daisies
At the end of the 17th century, two-color varieties flaunted in the gardens and parks of many European countries, the very first was bred and planted in the parks of France, the upper petals were red, while the lower ones remained snow-white.
This country is home to small pom-poms, which were especially popular in Russia. Very soon, Italy introduced lancet varieties with tubular baskets of inflorescences to the public.
Distinctive features of the variety can be not only flowers, some of them are distinguished by unusual foliage:
- "Aucubaefolia" recognizable by yellow splashes on the leaves
- Shrewley Gold has a unique golden pattern on the foliage along the veins
Such varieties will please the eye along with the rest in spring and autumn, attracting more attention because of their characteristics.
Among the wide variety of varieties and species, there are the most popular, followed by their more detailed description:
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Originator Benary (Benari)
Several types of garden daisies, the popularity of which is increasing every year. Some of them are used for cutting, but in most cases they look great in the front rows of discounts and alpine slides.
The most common are:
"Habanera" (habarena)
- "Habanera" (habarena), it is classified as large-flowered, each of its pompons can reach 6 cm in diameter.
- At the same time, the basket itself will not be very dense, this is precisely what the openwork is achieved, which is reinforced by the petals slightly curved along the edge.
- The height of the peduncle can reach 15 cm, the color is varied: white, pink, red, white with red tips.
"Robella" (shy)
- Higher peduncles are characteristic of "Robella" (robella), they can reach 20 cm.
- Pompoms are quite large, each up to 5 cm in diameter, the color of the petals, salmon pink, will also be special. "Robella" (robella) has a gold medal "Fleroselect".
"Speedstar" (speedstar)
- Semi-double baskets are characteristic of "Speedstar" (speedstar), the carmine color is of particular interest to flower growers, while the middle remains bright yellow.
- The flowering period begins in the year of sowing, wintering with a dormant period for flowering stems is not required. "Speedstar" (speedstar) is often used for growing indoors for landscaping balconies, loggias and just as a houseplant.
- The height of the peduncle does not exceed 13 cm, the main colors are carmine, pink, white.
"Rominette" (rominate)
- "Rominette" (rominat) are distinguished by smaller, very double flowers, in diameter they can reach a maximum of 2 cm.
- The color scheme is impressive: red, carmine-pink, pink, white.
- The height of each inflorescence can reach 15 cm.
"Tasso" (tasso)
- It is a marching from the well-known old variety "Pomponette" (pompom). Baskets of flowers have tubular petals, quite dense, and are distinguished by strong terry. Each of the flowers does not rise much on a dense rosette of juicy green leaves, a maximum of 6-8 cm.
- According to the color scheme, daisies are divided into: "Tasso Dunkelrosa" (tasso dunkelrosa) and "Tasso Rot" (tasso mouth) red, "Tasso Erdbeersahne" (tasso erdbirsan) salmon pink, "Tasso Hellrosa" (tasso helrose) pink, "Tasso WaiB" (tasso weiss) white, "Tasso Strawberries & Cream" (tosso strawberries and cream) pale pink with a more saturated core.
- The leaves of all representatives have a standard green color, are collected in a tight rosette near the ground, elastic.
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The daisies of this selection are a novelty among the varieties of this garden plant, but have already been awarded several Fleroselect awards. Floragran (floragran) so far includes only one variety "Belladaisy" (Belladaisy)the rest are under development.
"Belladaisy" (Belladaisy)
- The cultivated bole is characterized by small baskets of inflorescences up to 2 cm in diameter with strong doubleness, the stems grow up to 10 cm in height.
- For "Belladaisy" (Belladaisy) it is common to fully preserve the bright pink color of the petals, while flowering occurs approximately 2.5-3 months after sowing.
- When sowing seeds, it is worth considering the weather conditions, if the ground is not warm enough, seedlings will not appear soon.
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Originator Kieft Seed (kift speed)
The selection is represented by the original variety:
"Bellissima" (belissima)
- It is characterized by pom-pom-type flowers with a diameter of up to 5 cm each. A dense, elastic stem holds a basket at a height of more than 12 cm. All colors are popular - red, pink, white, and two-tone species.
- The first flowering occurs in the year of sowing or transplanting plants.
- An important point will be the application of fertilizers, without which this variety will not be able to give full flowering.
- Some species may have a pronounced yellow core, in most boles it is not visible behind the densely collected tubular petals.
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Miniature daisies are considered less common, it is desirable to grow such varieties in small flower beds and should be surrounded with great attention. With improper care, they quickly overgrow with weeds and become almost invisible in the grass.
These include babies:
- "Dresden China" (Dresden China)
- "Liliput" (Lilliput)
- "Alice" (Alice)
miniature daisies
I would like to pay special attention to the variety:
"Hens and Chickens" (hens and chickens)
- Which literally translates as Hen and chickens. The main feature of the variety is the fouling of the central basket with secondary ones, visually they form, as it were, a halo.
- Because of this, the variety got its name because of this, one daisy includes a chicken, around which the chickens are seated.
- For the first time this variety was described in the 16th century, where it was equated to a wreath by associations. Nowadays, such daisies are rarely grown, only a few flower growers have such a Hen.
- Small varieties are less popular, and the variety is growing every year, but some do not disregard these garden flowers.
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Bush of daisies in open ground
It is not difficult to grow daisies in open ground., with the correct fulfillment of all the necessary conditions, the plant will delight with regular flowering for many years and will be an excellent decoration for any flower beds or lawn.
In order for the flower to feel great, grow and have a long flowering period, it is worth regularly performing the following care measures:
- regularly weed bushes from weeds
- avoid thickening
- feed on time
- loosen the ground around the boles
- help with watering in the heat
The cultivation of daisies itself has several stages, following them will help you have ideal specimens that exactly match the variety.
Among flower growers, the following stages are distinguished:
Each of the points should be taken responsibly, the further growth and flowering of daisies in your garden or in a flower bed depends on the correct implementation.
We grow seedlings
To achieve faster flowering of many varieties of daisies, flower growers practice seed germination for seedlings. The process is quite laborious, but the results will be the best reward for the work.
The process consists of several steps:
After about 2-3 weeks, the first shoots should appear, they will actively grow and develop.
Babies can be planted in open ground only after hardening and only when the threat of frost has passed.. Young plants will not have time to take root at low temperatures and will die, unable to withstand the stress. Sowing begins in early March, and in the second half of summer they enjoy the results.
You can also germinate seeds in open ground, but under a film, by building a mini-greenhouse. To do this, they usually prepare the ground at the place where daisies are planned to grow. Seeds are sown according to the same principle, and covered with a film on top. On fine sunny days, the cover must be removed.
Transfer to a permanent place
When the plant has real 2-3 leaves, it must be transplanted to a permanent place of residence. This is done with all types of seedlings, they are completely planted from pots and boxes, and those germinated in the open ground under the film are thinned out.
Shoots of daisies two weeks before planting
In open ground, under normal weather conditions, annual daisy bushes should be at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. It is at this distance that they are planted in a flower bed.
Further, they themselves will regulate the optimal distance, but for high-quality flowering, you still have to thin out the bushes.
When transplanting to a permanent place, it is worth considering the short stature of the plant, daisies are usually planted in the first row in multi-layered flower beds, on the lower tier of flowerbeds and alpine slides. If you plan to break a wide flower bed, then the daisies should be located near the very edge, otherwise the rest of the inhabitants will simply drown them out.
When transferring seedlings from a container to open ground, you should carefully monitor the weather, the process itself looks like this:
If you plan to grow plants in pots and pots on the balconies and terracesthen they don't need a transplant.It is enough just to thin out the seedlings, leaving the strongest specimens.
Post transplant care
care tool
After transplantation, for successful rooting, the grower should make some efforts. Without supervision, the plants will quickly die, only the strongest will be able to survive.
To speed up rooting and prevent the death of sprouts, it is worth taking the following actions:
- water when soil dries
- keep away from direct sunlight, slightly shade the landing site
- once a week, slightly loosen the ground around the stems
Feeding seedlings at first is not worth it., this can adversely affect their development, and a high concentration can even kill plants.
Daisies in pots will only require watering and shady places, they will have everything else
Other types of reproduction
Daisies can be propagated not only by seeds, dividing the bush in autumn or spring will help with this. The time for the procedure should be chosen so that the plant has time to take root before the onset of frost or extreme heat, most often it is the first half of May or the end of August.
The division of the bush
It is during this period before flowering or after it that lateral shoots actively develop, which are usually separated to rejuvenate the bole or plant a large garden area with it.
- it is advisable to dig it completely in order to better draw conditional lines for dividing
- when dividing, it is important to take into account the state of the horse system, in each separated mini-bush there should be well-developed roots
- the presence of lush foliage is not necessary, even from one leaf with strong and healthy roots, a full-fledged bush will quickly develop
- after separation, it is desirable to treat the cut with charcoal or sprinkle them with ground cinnamon
- it is worth planting the separated parts in grooves, it is advisable to make them 3-4 cm deep
- watering during planting is carried out with sufficiently warmed water
- as soon as the water is absorbed, the grooves are covered with soil and lightly press it around each plant, forming a small depression for watering
- after 2-3 weeks, the separated bushes will take root and begin their development
If the section of the bush took place in the spring, you should not wait for flowering this year, but next spring the daisies will delight you with violent flowering, which will be repeated in late summer and early autumn. Divided in the autumn and rooted, they will bloom next spring if the wintering goes well.
Choosing the soil and landing site
Almost any soil is suitable for growing daisies in the garden and flower beds, the main condition is excellent drainage and a sufficient amount of nutrients.
If water stagnates at the place of growth in the spring or during rain, then the daisies will not take root there, they will get wet there. But the lack of moisture in the summer heat can also kill beauties.
Preparing the soil for planting
When choosing a place for planting garden beauties, it is worth considering some of the nuances:
- daisies do not tolerate direct sunlight, they are detrimental to them
- the plant will thrive in penumbra and shadows
- places that are flooded in the spring are also not suitable, the daisies will just get wet
- lack of moisture in the summer will destroy the plants
In order for the stems to feel good, grow and develop, it is worth preparing a soil mixture consisting of 2 parts of sand, 4 parts of garden soil, 1 part of humus. All components are mixed well and fall asleep at the place where it is planned to plant prepared seedlings or purchased bushes.
Plants need to be fertilized periodically., this is another component of regular flowering.
top dressing
All plants in the garden need moisture and nutrients to grow and develop normally., without these components, most plants will not have normal flowering, which means that seeds will not be able to form. Garden varieties of daisies are no exception, they also need top dressing.
After transplanting into prepared soil, in which one of the components was a small part of humus, at first it is not necessary to feed the plants, but in the future, after about a month and a half, the stems must be periodically watered with the addition of mineral types of fertilizers.
Fertilization
For further support, daisies are fertilized every two weeks., while the advantage should be given to water-soluble preparations with a high nitrogen content.
The second year of life of daisies begins with top dressing in early spring.. The solution is prepared according to the standard proportions for the plant, then until the fall, fertilizers are applied every 2-3 weeks. Particular attention is paid to the flowering period, where you can feed more often.
Several times during the season, gardeners recommend fertilizing with organic matter, most often for this type of garden flowers, an infusion of chicken manure or mullein is used. The product is prepared in a ratio of 1:10, if you increase the concentration, you can burn the bushes, so strictly monitor the amount of the substance added to the water for irrigation.
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Daisies are among those types of garden flowers that tolerate a dormant period in the ground, they are not dug up and not hidden from snow and frost. Almost all varieties normally tolerate winter in the middle lane and to the south.
If daisies are grown in more northern areas, they need help with wintering:
- the bushes are slightly sprinkled with earth and sprinkled with dry leaves or covered with spruce branches;
- a good option would be to warm the daisies with dry sawdust; in addition, you can cover the place of residence with a film;
- dry foliage and agrofibre can also prevent freezing.
An example of sheltering plants with needles for better wintering
Stamps grown on balconies in pots and containers should preferably be placed in dark rooms with an air temperature of 3-8 degrees. At the same time, slight fluctuations in the negative direction will not be able to kill the bushes, but if the frost drags on for more than 5 days, then you can say goodbye to daisies.
During the wintering period of flowers in pots, watering is minimized, it is enough to slightly moisten the ground once a month. It is not necessary to feed and spray the containers, and the ground part itself is cut off completely.
For germination, daisies in pots are exposed to the sun already in early March, watering is increased, and fertilizing is begun. Usually, plants quickly respond to favorable conditions created for them and actively begin to expel leaves immediately, and then flower stalks.
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Beauty from different types of flowers (Daisies and Lupins)
As already mentioned, daisies are most often used in multi-layered flower beds, but not owls with seven kinds of flowers they manage to get along. Because of some plants, they wither, and sometimes the boles planted nearby die because of them.
That is why it is worth knowing the right neighborhood, which will help form a beautiful flower bed. Properly selected plant species will perfectly coexist together, support each other.
The most beautiful and correct is the neighborhood of daisies with wildflowers:
- Daisies with forget-me-nots on the same level look great in garden design. The next row can be formed from tulips and daffodils, and further neighbors will have no influence on the daisies.
- Flowering period of garden violets and daisies are almost identical, they will not only not interfere with each other during development and flowering, but will also create a natural composition of a flowering meadow or forest edge.These two flowers often coexist in the wild, so placing them in the foreground of any flower beds right. Following them, you can plant primroses, hyacinths, crocuses.
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Like any plant from the garden, daisies are susceptible to disease and pest attack.. If you do not help the plant in the fight against them, then over time the bole will be completely lost, and the infection will spread further.
"Killing" a blooming daisy
To avoid such an outcome and save all the available types and varieties of flowers in the garden, you should learn to distinguish between ailments. The correctly chosen method of struggle will also become important, because the further fate of the plant largely depends on the drugs used.
Most often, daisies and other garden plants suffer from:
These are small insects of brown or yellowish color, which choose the lower part of the leaves of the plant as the place of dislocation. Their presence is signaled by dark discharge throughout the plant, in addition, the leaves acquire a yellowish-brown color, which spreads randomly and does not lie evenly.
To save the plant from this trouble, all infected stems, as well as nearby plants, should be treated with insecticides. It is advisable to carry out preventive treatment after 5-7 days after the first treatment.
A whitish powdery coating on leaves and flowers indicates that the plant is suffering from powdery mildew. There are not many methods of struggle; fungicides fight the disease best of all.
You will have to process several times with a frequency of 6-9 days.
Manifested by the formation of parchment-like spots on the leaves. They quickly spread throughout the bush, so you need to act without delay. The main reason for the occurrence is the increased humidity of the soil and air, in order to preserve the trunk it is worth digging it out.
Dry well and plant in looser soil in a ventilated place.
In warm damp weather, daisies in the garden can be affected by gray rot, most often it is observed on stems in autumn and spring. You can avoid the disease or reduce the possibility of its occurrence by completely cutting off the old leaves on the trunk for the winter, and the right planting site also has a considerable influence.
If a disease is detected, it is worth treating the affected areas with Fundazol.
Many types of caterpillars like daisies, they eat their leaves with a special appetite. There are several ways to deal with them, either regularly collect them by hand in the evening, or periodically treat them with insecticides.
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