In winter, you can safely relax and gain strength before the next tiring season. After all, so much work falls in the spring: planting vegetables and herbs, caring for them, watering and fertilizing. But for some gardeners, this is not so scary, because they have already done part of the work, namely, they planted something in the fall.
What is this for? For a good harvest. It will ripen much earlier in time. And what kind of vegetables can be planted before winter can be studied in our article.
Content:
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Introduction
Material quality matters a lot
Having taken up the winter planting of vegetable crops for the first time, it is necessary to carefully select the crops and their varieties suitable for this. They should have good resistance to autumn colds and winter frosts.
Otherwise, unsuccessful landings cannot be avoided. Early varieties are more resistant to low temperatures.
When buying seeds, savings are not appropriate. According to the experience of summer residents, it is better to leave the choice on granules. In them, the seed is protected, which reduces the risk of death.
Below is a table with all the main plants and their varieties that correspond to their characteristics for sowing for the winter season.
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| Name of the vegetable | Recommended species for autumn sowing |
|---|---|
| CABBAGE | |
 Broccoli | • Dwarf • Monterey • Calabrese • Lucky • Caesar • Laser |
 white-headed | • Hope • Polar K-206 • Winter storm • Siberian • Dawn • Dumas • Gribovsky |
 Krasnokochannaya | • Gako 741 • Stone head 447 • Red early • Early hardstone |
 Beijing | • Khiva 5 |
 color | • Movir 74 • Patriotic • Guarantee |
 POTATO | • Volzhanin • Vorotynsky early • Volzhsky |
ONION | |
 Batun | • Salad 35 • Maysky • Gribovsky 21 • April 12 |
 Tiered | • Likova • Odessa winter 12 |
 onion | • Ellan • Strigunovsky local • Bessonovsky local • Stuttgarten Riesen • Myachkovsky 300 • Odintsovets • Timiryazevsky • Carmen |
 SWEDE | • Krasnoselskaya • Swedish • Green-headed yellow |
 CARROT | • Nantes 4 • Karotel • Incomparable • Moscow winter A 515 • Vitamin 6 • Shantane 2461 • Shantane 14 • Losinoostrovskaya 13 • Artek • Early TSCA • Supernant • NIIOKh 336 • Perfection (Perfect) • Fun • Cannery |
 RADISH | • Dawn • Dungan 12/8 • Heat • Resistant • Rose red with white tip • Greenhouse |
 RADISH | • Grayvoronskaya • Sudarushka • Viela • Delicacy • Winter round black • Winter round white • Chernavka |
 TURNIP | • White Night • Geisha • Petrovskaya 1 |
 BEET | • Podzimnaya A-474 • Cold resistant 19 • Podzimnaya incomparable • Gribov flat A-473 • Northern ball • Egyptian flat • Polar flat K-249 • Detroit • Red ball |
pros
Over the winter strong seeds will sprout
Landing before frost has its positive aspects:
- Germination of sprouts occurs at 14-20 days. early compared with seedlings planted in the spring season. This will allow you to collect early root crops, and plant the areas that are freed up in the summer again.
- During the winter, strong seeds will germinate, while weakened and unhealthy ones will die. This will make plants more resilient to sudden frosts, possible diseases and increase their fertility.
- Thanks to the melt water in spring, the seeds will swell faster, having received sufficient moisture. While spring plantings often lack water, especially during the warm and dry season
- A plant planted before the winter season requires minimal care for itself. It must be planted, watered, fertilized, mulched or covered with a special coating.
- If the purchased seeds turned out to be of poor quality and did not sprout after the winter, then you can always sow garden bed again
Minuses
Care must be taken in the selection of varieties
- If you plant vegetables without taking into account the climatic and weather conditions of the area, you can harm them without the possibility of recovery.
- In autumn, rodents are most active and can ruin all the work.
- The tendency of some crops to go into the arrow in the early spring, Therefore, you need to be more careful in choosing varieties.
It is not possible to say exactly when it is possible to plant in the fall. Everything depends on weather conditions. The most suitable period is the time that comes after the fall of all foliage and before the onset of the first frost.
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Bed preparation
Installation around the perimeter of the beds of boards
For winter sowing, it plays a big role how well the sown areas were prepared. They must be well protected and well fertilized so that the seeds can survive the winter in the open.
The size of the beds does not need to be made large. Total area 5-6 m2may well provide a family of up to 5 people with early vegetables.
The best arrangement high ridges or installation of boards, slate, polycarbonate or other material around the perimeter of the sown area. This will protect the sown seeds from melt water and will be able to hold the snow cover on the ridge.
The location is chosen, illuminated and elevated, where, with the onset of heat, the snow will melt earlier. It also needs to be protected from the wind. Additionally, you can install a fence on the side where the wind blows. With small amounts of precipitation during the winter period, the layer of snow on the bed is replaced by a covering with a mulch layer.
Land for sowing is prepared in advance. The soil must be weeded, fertilized (nitrogen content must be low). Grooves for seeds are prepared for a deepening of 3-5 cm. The finished area must be covered to prevent excessive moisture.
Separately prepared mulching substrate (land from the garden, to which peat, sand are added in a ratio of 1: 2: 1). It remains to wait for the first cold snap.
Sowing before the onset of frost is fraught with early germination of seeds at positive temperatures and their death with the first frost.
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Seeds must be dry.
When a stable sub-zero temperature is established, sowing begins. Although some summer residents practice winter sowing (January, February). This is possible in areas where the instability of autumn weather can cause early germination of seeds. But it will be necessary to stock up on soil, which will sprinkle frozen holes.
For the south, this method is used for planting in the winter months (January or February), when the earth begins to thaw, but not yet warmed up to such an extent that the seeds begin to grow.
The number of seeds is taken twice as much. They must be dry. Above the holes, the earth is slightly compacted. This will improve the tenacity of the seeds with the soil. Then everything is covered with mulch to insulate the sown material. The coating layer must be at least 15 cm.
If foliage is taken as a covering material, it must be fixed so that it is not blown across the territory by the wind. If a little snow falls during the winter, you will need to throw more snow on the ridge yourself.
Beds under agrofibre
Watering for autumn planting is not required, because moisture from melt water for seeds will be in abundance.
In early spring, the ridges are covered with polyethylene, which is stretched over the prepared wire arches. This will allow the soil to warm up, which will affect the acceleration of germination and development of the sown material, and will also be a protection if frosts return.
Let us consider in more detail the necessary conditions for planting on the example of each individual crop.
Cabbage
In practice, the culture is rarely planted before winter, because. she needs a warm climate. Although for the southern regions it is also risky. Shoots appear quickly enough and if the weather is unstable in spring, it is more likely that they may freeze.
When deciding to plant cabbage before winter, it is necessary to choose only recommended varieties.
The recommended seed depth is from 1.5 cm to 3 cm.
Seeding volume - up to 0.2 g / m2.
Potato
Usually potatoes are not planted before the winter period. But when the tubers are deepened by 10-15 cm, they are able to perfectly tolerate low temperatures down to -100WITH. The mass of potatoes should be about 100-150 g.
Planting takes place without vernalization during the period when frosts begin at night, and during the day the temperature rises. The soil has the ability to thaw.
For planting crops, double ridges are used. This allows you to put wire arches over the rows in the spring season. Planted in a checkerboard pattern.
The recommended depth of fruits is 15-20 cm.
Recommended settings:
| Bed width, cm | Gap between ridges, cm | Spacing between rows, cm | Spacing between fruits, cm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 70 | 80 | 45 | 25-30 |
Onion
Batun can be planted three times per period. Podzimnee sowing is considered the simplest.
The recommended depth of the material is from 2 cm to 2.5 cm.
Seeding rate - 6-8 g / m2.
Recommended settings:
| The interval between cultures, cm | Spacing between rows, cm |
|---|---|
| 20-25 | 40-50 |
Tiered Bow
Tiered bow is not afraid of low temperatures down to -400WITH. But there is one caveat - by the winter period, the culture should form good roots. Bulbs are planted in 14 days. before the onset of frost in 2-3 lines.
The recommended depth of the bulb is 3-4 cm.
The thickness of the material is about 2 cm.
Seeding rate - up to 0.5 g / sq. m.
Recommended parameters:
| Line spacing, cm | Spacing between rows, cm |
|---|---|
| 15-20 | 30 |
Onions are planted 1 month before the first frost. During this time, it should take root well. With a decrease in temperature to -50The planted material is covered with mulch with a layer of at least 15 cm. This will prevent the bulbs from freezing.
Also, the mulch layer will prevent the ground from thawing at late autumn positive temperatures.
The thickness of the material is about 1 cm.
Recommended parameters:
| Spacing between bulbs, cm | Spacing between rows, cm |
|---|---|
| 5-6 | 15-20 |
For those who love green onions, the material should be planted more densely (with an interval of 2-3 cm).
Swede
Swede
It is a cold-resistant crop and winter sowing is possible even after the onset of stable sub-zero temperatures. Sprouted sprouts are able to withstand frosts up to -2 ... -30C, large plants - up to -3 ... -50WITH.
For the full development and formation of tubers, a temperature of 15-180WITH.
Usually in the fall, swede is sown in late October - early November.
Carrot
It is sown at a temperature of +2…+40WITH. The ridge is prepared in advance so that the soil can settle before sowing.
The recommended depth of the material for sowing is 3-4 cm.
The width between the lines is 15-20 cm.
Seeding rate - 1 g / m2.
Carrots are harvested selectively from the beginning of June. The fruits of autumn sowing, in comparison with spring planting, are worse in storage.Therefore, you need to think about what specific volume will be needed.
Radish
Radish
Differs in good seed germination even at low temperatures. Therefore, haste with sowing is not needed. The optimal period is the end of November.
The recommended depth of the seeded material is about 3 cm.
Seeding volume – 5-10 g/m2.
Recommended parameters:
| The interval between landings, cm | Width between rows, cm |
|---|---|
| 4-6 | 10-15 |
Turnip
Turnip
It is sown before the onset of established frosts for 14 days. This method gives the crop the opportunity to form early, which saves the culture from the attack of the cruciferous flea.
The recommended depth of the seeded material is 3 cm.
Seeding volume - 2 g / m2.
Turnip is planted 3 seeds in each hole. The fruits of sowing before the cold can be collected at the end of May.
Recommended parameters:
| The interval between landings, cm | Spacing between rows, cm |
|---|---|
| 15 | 25-30 |
Beet
Begins to hatch at a temperature of +50WITH. Therefore, winter planting should be during the already established cooling (-2 ... -40WITH).
The recommended depth of the seed is 3-4 cm.
Seeding rate - 4 g / m2.
The first crop of the winter sowing crop is ready for harvest in early June. Root crops of autumn sowing are stored poorly.
Recommended parameters:
| The interval between landings, cm | Distance between shegengs, cm |
|---|---|
| 5-10 | 20-30 |
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Rules of care in the spring season
In early spring, everything is covered with a film for insulation.
Vegetables planted before the cold weather sprout very early in the spring. At this time, no one thinks about landings. The weather is still too cold and little sprouts need extra care.
If winter sowing was carried out in a greenhouse complex, the first young plants will sprout very early, when frosts still hold at night, and during the day the sun's rays are deceptive.
For this reason, seedlings must be covered from above or take care of additional devices to heat the room.
When planting before winter in open space, with the first melting of snow, wire arches are installed on the ridge. Film is stretched over them. This will bring fruit ripening another 1-2 weeks.
During the winter period, the soil becomes caked and a compacted crust forms on top. It makes it very difficult for small sprouts to break through to the top. To help them, as soon as the snow melts, it is necessary to carefully loosen the soil on the ridge and break the resulting crust.
In the future, care for the plants will come down to weeding, watering and processing them in a timely manner.
Planting before the cold will not exempt from planting in the spring season, because not all crops can winter in the open. But the harvested fruits in early spring can save a lot of time and money, because you do not need to buy many crops in the store. Ready-made fresh vitamins will be in your garden.
What to sow before winter in the garden. Winter sowing of vegetables and herbs.
What vegetables can be planted before winter? TOP 8 most suitable plants and their best varieties | (Photo & Video) +Reviews
