In the temperate climate zone, bamboo is rarely grown at home, especially in open ground. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to tolerate frost. The plant has a good adaptation, having overwintered once, it already tolerates frosts more easily. For those who want to grow a bamboo alley, the article will help you choose a variety and find out the features and recommendations for growing.
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General information
Bamboo belongs to the cereal family
It is a perennial, evergreen plant. Botany describes it as a leaf-grown. It is distributed over a large area of our planet. It can be found in both tropical and temperate latitudes.
In the variety of varieties, a common is a hollow stem - a straw. Bamboo vines have a full stem. In height, there are low species of 25 cm and high ones up to 40 m, creepers grow up to 120 m.
The plant is divided into 2 types:
- bushy bamboo
- running bamboo
Bamboo run has a creeping root system. When planting varieties of this type, you need to make a barrierotherwise the entire area will be overgrown with bamboo. Bushy is distinguished by short, slow-growing roots.
In addition, there is also a division into tribes:
- Olir - grow like all cereals, their height does not exceed 1 meter
- Tribe bamboos - characterized by high growth up to 40 meters. Their trunk becomes woody over time.
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Bamboo rarely blooms. Some varieties after 100 years, some low-growing varieties after 20. The flowering process requires a lot of energy. The plant gives all its vitality to it and after the end it dies.
The reasons for the rare flowering are little studied.
Scientists believe that this is due to the fact that no one eats bamboo seeds. The process provides the formation of seeds for plant propagation.
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bamboo varieties
More than 1 thousand species of bamboo grow on planet Earth. Among them there are frost-resistant and cold-resistant varieties that are grown in Russia and European countries. Plants are imported from Japan and China. In countries with frosty winters, only a few species grow.
Leaf-growth golden
Leaf-growth golden
- This type of bamboo is grown in the most northern latitudes. Especially popular with Norwegians. It looks like a shrub with falling foliage.
- His homeland is China. It is low, its maximum length is 5 meters.
- The leaves are up to 10 cm long. Their greenery has a yellow tint. Under the rays of the sun, they burn with gold, hence the name of the species - Golden Bamboo.
- For this variety, a temperature of -20 is critical. But only the upper part freezes
- If you cover the roots, they will give new shoots with the onset of heat. The variety blooms rarely. He has ugly inflorescences - panicles. For a bush, this process is fatal: after the flowers dry, the entire plant dies.
Kuril bamboo
Kuril bamboo
- This species is widespread in the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and in Northern Japan.
- This bamboo is the most hardy among frost-resistant species.
- The critical temperature mark for him is -25 degrees.
- The average plant height is from 0.5 to 2 meters. In Japan, you can sometimes meet four-meter representatives.
- It has large leaves with a bluish tinge. Their length is 30 cm, width 7 cm
- The variety is used to decorate lawns.
- It has creeping roots and grows quickly. If the old shoots are mowed in the spring, then in the summer there will be a clearing of young bamboo shoots.
Saza fan
Saza fan
- The homeland of Saza fan is Japan and the Far East region of Russia.
- It tolerates temperatures down to -15 degrees. It is often grown in Germany.
- Plant height reaches 2 meters. The leaves of this bamboo are large. Their length is on average 30 cm.
- It is a relative of the Kuril bamboo.
- The variety is used to decorate greenhouses on balconies and loggias.
- To do this, bamboo is planted in containers.
- To grow a plant indoors, you need to choose a dense and nutritious soil.
- In open ground for the winter it needs to be covered. To do this, the shoots bend down to the ground. Thus, the variety is grown in St. Petersburg.
black bamboo
black bamboo
- The area of distribution of the species is quite extensive: China, Japan, Algeria.
- Short frosts down to -16 degrees are acceptable for him. Favorable areas are the southern regions.
- It is grown in the USA, Crimea, Sochi and in the countries of Southern Europe.
- The variety grows up to 7 meters. In the second year of life, the stems begin to turn black, this feature gave the variety its name.
- Its leaves are small and deep green.
- The variety has industrial value. A large number of products are made from it.
- Black bamboo can be grown indoors. To do this, bring the container with the plant into the room for the winter, and take it out into the street or balcony in the summer.
fortune
fortune
- An ornamental variety of bamboo. Her homeland is Japan.
- It does not tolerate frost, but is suitable for growing in bright and warm rooms.
- Fortune has many escapes. They form an openwork bush
- The foliage is medium-sized, linear, dry.
- The leaves are green in color. The root system of the variety quickly spreads.
- When planting in open ground, you need to make a barrier, as for raspberries.
green temple
green temple
- The species is native to Japan. It can withstand frost down to -25 degrees.
- Bamboo stems grow up to 8 meters, and leaves up to 15 centimeters. Its trunk remains green and does not change color with age.
- The variety is resistant, it does not bend under gusts of wind, rain and snow
- This feature is worshiped by monks in some temples in Japan.
- The sea coasts are favorable for him. It normally survives salty winds.
- The variety is used to create hedges. It belongs to the type of bamboo run, for its roots you need to put a barrier.
bamboo umbrella
bamboo umbrella
- Homeland of the Chinese variety. It withstands severe frosts down to -27 degrees.
- One of the most beautiful bamboo
- Grows up to 4 meters. The stems of this species turn golden in color over time.
- The foliage is dense, green. They, hanging down, form a hat, shaped like an umbrella.
- This feature gave the name of the variety.
- This bamboo is used for hedges. It is also grown in closed greenhouses in containers.
red bamboo
red bamboo
- The species is native to the northern province of Sichuan in China. Red bamboo is one of the hardiest varieties. He does not care about frost up to -28 degrees.
- It got its name for its straight stems, red or orange.
- This species is also called the "Red Dragon" or "Red Panda".
- The variety is grown both outdoors and in containers.
- Belongs to the shrub type.Its height can reach 4 meters.
- Red bamboo has beautiful and delicate foliage. Which he does not shed with the onset of winter. Thanks to its gentle appearance, graceful hedges are formed from it.
sweet bamboo
sweet bamboo
- Variety imported from China. One of the differences of the variety are edible shoots. They have a sweet taste, which is how it got its name.
- In China, it grows up to 10 meters, in a temperate climate its average height is 3 - 5 meters.
- The variety is ideal for growing in pots.
- He is unpretentious. It gives a lot of shoots, which, after cutting, quickly restores.
- Its root system is creeping. This species is planted as live fences.
- Given the features, you need to put a barrier to the roots.
- It withstands frosts down to -25 degrees.
- Sweet bamboo sustainably endures strong wind gusts. At the same time, it practically does not lose leaves.
Butcher's broom
Butcher's broom
- Homeland species China. Refers to compact frost-resistant varieties.
- It grows up to 2 meters. The butcher's broom is able to withstand temperatures of -27 degrees.
- The variety is in good health. Despite the fact that the type is running bamboo, its roots do not require a barrier.
- The trunk grows evenly.
- It has many shoots with foliage. Over time, the leaves turn white, which gives the plant originality.
- Young leaves look like needles, hence the second name "bamboo needle".
- The view is used to decorate the garden plot. Handles haircut well. It is often used as living borders.
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Before planting bamboo, you need to assess the conditions for plant growth. This is done according to five main criteria:
- Variety
- Lighting
- Windiness
- Temperature
- The soil
When choosing a variety, you need to clearly understand for what purpose it will be planted. Here its height, the shape of the leaves will be important. Some species look good singly, others need to be planted in groups.
It is important to analyze the temperature of the climatic zone. There are varieties that withstand frosts down to -28 degrees, and some will die at -15. Otherwise, the plant will die during the first frosts, all efforts will be in vain.
Bamboo is not whimsical. Despite this fact, it receives nutrition through the root system from the soil.
Therefore, the more nutritious it is, the better it will grow and develop. If the soil is poor, it needs to be enriched with fertilizer. Dense soil will slow growth, but such soil freezes weaker. In the cold season, this feature will save the roots from freezing.
Sunlight is loved by many varieties of bamboo. There are also shade-tolerant varieties. It grows faster and develops better under the rays of the sun. In winter, it depletes the plant. In the dry climate of the landing region, it is better to choose a place in partial shade.
Bamboo can't stand the wind. Therefore, before planting a plant, it is important to come up with a protective barrier from it.
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Instructions for landing in open ground
Bamboo should be planted in the ground with seedlings
So, it will take root faster. Landing should be done in spring or summer. The sooner this is done, the stronger it will get stronger by the winter period.
For a successful wintering, the roots must be covered for the first year.. To prevent young shoots from dying, you need to install protection from the wind. Cold gusts of which will destroy the plant.
Landing
planting bamboo
Landing is carried out in several stages:
- A lump of earth with roots should be well saturated with water. If this is not done, even with abundant watering, it will be bad to pass water. To do this, the pot with the seedling is lowered into a container filled with water. You have to keep it in the shade. This procedure will protect the roots from damage when it comes time to pull out.
- The pit is dug out more than a coma with roots.
- The soil is being fertilized. Humus, humus are added to the pit.
- When choosing running bamboo, a barrier to the roots is set.
- Place a seedling in the middle of the pit, fill the void with earth and tamp.
- Water the young plant generously.
bamboo running barrier
The roots of running bamboo varieties grow quickly. They spread at a depth of 20 cm, but may come to the surface. A limiter is placed on the site before landing. It digs in to a depth of one and a half meters, while the upper edge should protrude 10 cm from the ground.
barrier device
To limit the spread of the plant, you can use:
- Slate
- Metal
- barrier film
- Root Barrier
So that the roots do not fail, the limiter must be dug in at an angle. The upper edge of the plant should be located at a greater distance from the trunk. The edges are overlapped with each other.
Watering
The first months after planting, you need to ensure that the soil does not dry out. Water abundantly. This will speed up the rooting process. But you can not allow stagnation of water, otherwise the roots will begin to rot.
Bamboo is drought tolerant
With a lack of moisture, the leaves will begin to twist into a tube. The plant will quickly die from drying out. After the simple bamboo starts, watering is reduced to 3 times a week.
With a lack of moisture, like all cereals, the roots will begin to strive deeper. The plant will extract moisture from the bowels of the earth. The frequency of watering should be adjusted depending on natural precipitation. In rainy years, watering is reduced.
Mulching
Mulching is recommended in autumn. Mulch consists of pine bark, wood chips, hay, straw or peat.
Soil mulching
The layer should be no more than 5 cm. A thick layer may attract rodents, which will damage the bamboo. This layer will provide a stable temperature and soil moisture.
pruning
The plant is pruned once a year. It needs to be done in the spring. Remove dry, frozen and ugly shoots.
pruning bamboo
If the thickets are dense, thinning is carried out. This procedure will allow the rays of the sun to penetrate into the depths. Bamboo straws have knots. If cut above the kidney, a new shoot will grow.
top dressing
Top dressing is carried out 2 times a year: spring and autumn. To do this, nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers are mixed. In spring the ratio should be 4:3:2, in autumn 2:4:4.
When choosing organic fertilizers, they must be applied once a month in spring and summer.
In this case, in autumn and winter, the bamboo rests from top dressing.
Wintering
The upper part of the plant freezes in the first year of growth at -17 degrees, at -20 they die. If weather forecasters predict a cold winter without snow, then young shoots need to be bent down and covered. The best shelter is spruce branches.
With each winter, the plant becomes stronger and more resistant to frost.
With the death of the trunk and shoots, the roots are preserved. They are warmer in the ground. There is a chance that in the spring they will give new shoots.
reproduction
You can grow bamboo in 2 ways:
- from seed
- Vegetatively
Let's consider them in detail.
seed propagation
bamboo seeds
The complexity of the seed method lies in the rare flowering. The positive side is that bamboo grown this way will hurt less. Its life cycle will roughly equal the cycle of the parent plant.
Seed preparation consists of several stages:
- They are dried in the sun for 2 hours.
- Soak the planting material in water for 10 - 12 hours. Water is drained no earlier than 20 minutes before sowing
While the seeds are soaking, it is necessary to prepare the substrate:
- 8 pieces of garden soil, top layer
- 1 part wood chips
- 1 part wood ash
The mixture must be sieved and filled with a container for planting. It should be loose. Seeds are deepened by 5 mm and covered with soil from above.
Seedling sprayed 2 times a day. The soil must be moist. The first shoots will appear in 20-25 days.
They are planted in separate pots after 3 months. Seedlings during this period will begin to give new shoots. The plant is fragile and must be handled with care.
The watering mode changes by 1 time. It is better to produce it in the evening. The first winter, a young plant is recommended to be kept indoors. They are planted in the ground with a trunk growth of 50 cm.
Vegetative reproduction
In this way, you can divide the plant at the age of three. It is necessary to dig out the roots and separate the individual processes. They must have up to three processes or nodes. They also need to have roots.
bamboo cuttings
They land in a container. Shoots need to be watered once a day and kept in the shade. Transplantation in open ground is carried out in the spring. The first winter the plant is kept indoors.
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When choosing a place, it is important to consider that bamboo is light-loving. For the plant you need to provide a lot of diffused light. If you keep the pot near the window, then periodically you need to turn it so that the plant receives the same amount of light from all sides and develops evenly.
And also you need to provide humidification. You can put an aquarium or a container filled with water next to the bamboo. Shoots need to be sprayed 2 times a week.
indoor bamboo
Watering should be plentiful and moderate at the same time. From an excess of moisture, the roots will rot and the plant will die. In winter, the dormant period of bamboo begins, watering is reduced.
Indoor bamboo should be fertilized regularly from March to September. He prefers nitrogen supplements. Everything should be in moderation. If the plant is overfed, it will become weak.
Indoor bamboo will be a great decor element
As the plant grows, it is transplanted. The walls of the pot should be dense. Roots can damage it, especially if it's running bamboo. The procedure is best done in the spring.
In summer, it is better to take the pot out to the balcony or terrace. In the fresh air, it will develop better and grow faster.
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Bamboo is in good health. It may be affected by a fungus. Manifested by rust and spots on the foliage. You can fight with fingicides.
sick plant
Young leaves can be attacked by aphids and mealybugs. Removed with a sponge and soapy water. If there are a lot of pests, then chemicals will help.
Leaves turn yellow
Autumn yellowing of foliage is a natural process
Bamboo sheds up to 30% of its leaves every year. Getting rid of them, the plant saves energy for the winter.
When yellow leaves appear in spring and summer, this indicates a problem:
- Flooding
- Chlorosis
If the soil is clayey, then it is necessary to think over the drainage. A layer of sand or stones is laid under the roots. The yellowing process begins due to rotting of the root system.
If bamboo lacks nitrogen, iron or magnesium, chlorosis develops. Salty soil is another reason. When these shortcomings are corrected, new green leaves will grow.
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Bamboo is not only decorative
The plant is used quite widely:
- Young shoots are eaten as a vegetable. How a crop is grown in Italy.
- Trunks are used as building materials.
- Bamboo is split, wicker things are made from its fibers.
- The seeds are similar to oats and are also eaten.
- Used to make walking sticks and umbrella handles.
- They make hats.
- Bamboo is used to make mats and sushi sticks.
- The Thais used trunks - straws for plumbing.
- Furniture is made from bamboo.
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